![]() His successor, Stephen (1135), whose hold on the throne was threatened by Henry I’s daughter Matilda, again issued a solemn charter (1136) with even more generous promises of good government in church and state. William’s son Henry I-whose accession (1100) was challenged by his eldest brother, Robert, duke of Normandy-was compelled to make concessions to the nobles and clergy in the Charter of Liberties, a royal edict issued upon his coronation. He forced Pope Alexander II to be content with indirect control over the church in a land that the papacy hitherto had regarded as bound by the closest ties to Rome. He was able to dominate not only the country but also the barons who had helped him win it and the ecclesiastics who served the English church. With his conquest of England in 1066, William I secured for himself and his immediate successors a position of unprecedented power. Know about the reign of King John of England and the events that led to the establishment of Magna Carta See all videos for this article SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]() Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. ![]() ![]()
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